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Arthritis & Joint Care
Arthritis is common, but it isn't simply wear and tear you have to live with. The right mix of exercise, support and treatment can make a real difference to pain and movement.
Understanding it
In osteoarthritis, the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones becomes thinner and the joint changes shape over time. This can cause pain, stiffness and reduced movement, often varying from day to day.
Other types, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are caused by inflammation from the immune system. These are usually managed by a rheumatologist, and an orthopaedic specialist can help arrange that referral when needed.
Reasons people seek an assessment
- Joint pain that comes on with activity and eases with rest
- Stiffness in the morning or after sitting
- Reduced movement making daily tasks harder
- Pain affecting sleep
- Wanting to understand whether joint replacement might help
Only an examination can tell what's causing your symptoms.
How it's assessed
Your history
How pain and stiffness affect daily life, and what you've tried so far.
Examination
Movement, swelling, alignment and walking pattern.
X-ray
To see joint space and bone changes. Blood tests if inflammatory arthritis is suspected.
A long-term plan
Treatments to try, how progress is measured, and when to review.
Treatment options a specialist may discuss
Options are usually considered from the least invasive upwards. Not every option suits every person, and a real clinic lists only what it offers.
Exercise and physiotherapy
Strengthening and movement are among the most effective treatments for osteoarthritis.
Weight management
Reducing load on weight-bearing joints such as knees and hips.
Walking aids and supports
To reduce strain and improve confidence.
Pain relief guidance
Choosing medicines carefully, especially for long-term use.
Injections
Sometimes used for short-term relief in selected joints.
Joint replacement
A well-established option for advanced arthritis of the hip or knee when other treatment no longer helps.
Recovery and rehabilitation
- Regular, manageable activity rather than occasional intense exercise
- Pacing on difficult days
- Reviews to adjust the plan as needs change
Seek urgent care. Seek urgent care if a joint suddenly becomes hot, red, very swollen and painful, especially with a fever, as this can indicate infection. Call 112 in an emergency.
What to bring
- Previous X-rays or reports
- A list of medicines and supplements you take
- Notes on which activities are hardest
Bring these to the consultation rather than sending them online. Full checklist
Questions people ask
Will exercise make my arthritis worse?
Appropriate exercise generally reduces pain and improves function. Some discomfort during exercise can be normal; your physiotherapist will help you find the right level.
Is arthritis just ageing?
Age is one factor, but genetics, previous injury, weight and activity also play a part. And many people with changes on X-ray have few symptoms.
When is joint replacement considered?
When pain and loss of function significantly affect quality of life despite other treatment. It's a decision made together, with risks and recovery explained.
Can you tell if it's rheumatoid arthritis?
The specialist may suspect inflammatory arthritis from your symptoms and tests, and refer you to a rheumatologist for diagnosis and treatment.
Have a question that isn't answered here?
Clinical review pending
Before publication, a treating specialist at the clinic reviews this guide. Their name, registration number and the review date appear here. General information for patients, not a diagnosis or personal advice.
Questions about arthritis and joint care?
Request a consultation. The specialist will assess you, explain what they find and talk through the options with you.